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作者:张诗敏,刘凯
单位: 复旦大学附属中山医院重症医学科
撤机失败与ICU住院时间、总住院时间和死亡率独立相关。心血管相关因素在困难撤机和延长撤机这两种撤机类型的失败原因中占有相当大的比例。撤机失败相关的心血管因素通常与已知的或潜在的心肺疾病相关,在冠状动脉疾病、缺血性心肌病中尤为多见。大约有1/3的患者在自主呼吸试验(spontaneous breathing trial,SBT)期间心脏出现“充血性心力衰竭“改变,根本原因在于心输出量的增加不能满足耗氧量需求的增加,二者无法平衡可能会导致心肌缺血,也可引起左右心室功能障碍。
表1 撤机失败的常见原因
1. 撤机对血流动力学的影响
2. 撤机失败的心血管因素
注:PaCO2为动脉血二氧化碳分压;PaO2为动脉血氧分压;WOB为呼吸功
3. 心源性因素的诊断与鉴别
表2 撤机失败心源性因素的诊断与鉴别
注:PAOP为肺动脉阻塞压;SvO2为静脉血氧饱和度;SBT为自主呼吸试验;BNP为脑利尿钠肽;NT-proBNP为N末端脑利尿钠肽前体。
4. 心源性撤机失败的治疗策略
5. 总结
参考文献
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作者简介
张诗敏
刘凯
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