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作者:周庆涛
一、循证医学证据
循证医学证据表明糖皮质激素能够显著改善重症COVID-19患者的临床转归,且没有显著增加不良事件。糖皮质激素主要用于重型和危重型COVID-19患者。为便于临床操作,接受氧疗、经鼻高流量氧疗、无创通气、机械通气、ECMO的患者建议给予糖皮质激素治疗。对于70岁以上患者,糖皮质激素治疗临床获益有限,需严格监测不良反应。非重症(不需要吸氧)患者不推荐全身使用糖皮质激素。
参考文献
[1] RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim W S, et al. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19[J]. N Engl J Med, 2021, 384(8):693-704.
[2] Calzetta L, Aiello M, Frizzelli A, et al. Dexamethasone in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Whether, When and to Whom[J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(8):1607.
[3] Angus D C, Derde L, Al-Beidh F, et al. Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial[J]. JAMA, 2020, 324(13):1317-1329.
[4] Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China[J]. JAMA Intern Med, 2020, 180(7):934-943.
[5] Tomazini B M, Maia I S, Cavalcanti A B, et al. Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial[J]. JAMA, 2020, 324(13):1307-1316.
[6] Chaudhuri D, Sasaki K, Karkar A, et al. Corticosteroids in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Intensive Care Med., 2021, 47(5):521-537.
[7] van Paassen J, Vos J S, Hoekstra E M, et al. Corticosteroid use in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical outcomes[J]. Crit Care, 2020, 24(1):696.
[8] Pulakurthi YS, Pederson JM, Saravu K, et al. Corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021, 100(20):e25719.
[9] WHO. A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19[EB/OL]. https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3379
[10] Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines[EB/OL].https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/
[11] 国家卫健委. 新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案(试行第十版)[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-01/06/content_5735343.htm
[12] 中华医学会呼吸病学分会, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会危重症医学专家组. 奥密克戎变异株所致重症新型冠状病毒感染临床救治专家推荐意见[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2023, 46(2):101-110.
作者简介
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