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作者:蔡志贵,宋立强
单位:空军军医大学西京医院呼吸与危重症医学科
2019年12月新冠肺炎病毒在中国武汉首次被发现,并在全球范围内迅速传播,造成了百年一遇的全球大流行。截至2022年3月15日,全球新冠肺炎确诊病例累计超过4.58亿例,全球死亡病例累计超过600余万例。间断接种疫苗、检测血清抗体滴度、新冠病毒相关ARDS、新冠病毒相关脓毒症、恢复者血浆治疗、糖皮质激素治疗及IL-6单抗治疗等相关防治措施的探索,均显示出人们对免疫系统反应的高度关注,也成为研究新冠肺炎的主要热点。因此,免疫功能低下宿主(immunocompromised Host,ICH)作为特殊人群,基数庞大,其患病特征及防治方案均值得关注和探讨。一般来说,与免疫功能正常患者相比,呼吸道病毒感染在ICH患者气道中往往更持久和更严重。但是近期的初步数据表明,这种情况可能不适用于新冠肺炎患者[1]。基于此,检索和分析ICH群体罹患新冠肺炎的临床症状、危险因素及当前的防治策略,对进一步做好该类群体的防治工作具有一定的现实意义。
1. 恶性血液病与造血细胞移植受者
2. 实体器官移植受者
3. 风湿病患者
4. HIV携带者
总而言之,逐步加深对ICH群体罹患新冠肺炎防治的了解,不仅有助于进一步做好对该类人群的防治工作,还为抗细胞因子和其他免疫调节疗法是否可以被用于治疗新冠肺炎提供了参考信息,从而更加精准地判断免疫抑制方案在新冠肺炎疾病过程中的利与弊。
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蔡志贵
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